Micro-optimizations

- Make structs smaller
- Introduce Result struct and use it to represent matched items instead of
  reusing Item struct for that purpose
- Avoid unnecessary memory allocation
- Avoid growing slice from the initial capacity
- Code cleanup

19 files changed, 234 insertions, 568 deletions

diff --git a/src/algo/algo.go b/src/algo/algo.go
index 8825a059..00265c60 100644
--- a/src/algo/algo.go
+++ b/src/algo/algo.go
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ func indexAt(index int, max int, forward bool) int {
 
 // Result conatins the results of running a match function.
 type Result struct {
-	Start int32
-	End   int32
+	Start int
+	End   int
 
 	// Items are basically sorted by the lengths of matched substrings.
 	// But we slightly adjust the score with bonus for better results.
-	Bonus int32
+	Bonus int
 }
 
 type charClass int
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ const (
 	charNumber
 )
 
-func evaluateBonus(caseSensitive bool, text util.Chars, pattern []rune, sidx int, eidx int) int32 {
-	var bonus int32
+func evaluateBonus(caseSensitive bool, text util.Chars, pattern []rune, sidx int, eidx int) int {
+	var bonus int
 	pidx := 0
 	lenPattern := len(pattern)
 	consecutive := false
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func evaluateBonus(caseSensitive bool, text util.Chars, pattern []rune, sidx int
 			class = charNonWord
 		}
 
-		var point int32
+		var point int
 		if prevClass == charNonWord && class != charNonWord {
 			// Word boundary
 			point = 2
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ func FuzzyMatch(caseSensitive bool, forward bool, text util.Chars, pattern []run
 			sidx, eidx = lenRunes-eidx, lenRunes-sidx
 		}
 
-		return Result{int32(sidx), int32(eidx),
+		return Result{sidx, eidx,
 			evaluateBonus(caseSensitive, text, pattern, sidx, eidx)}
 	}
 	return Result{-1, -1, 0}
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func ExactMatchNaive(caseSensitive bool, forward bool, text util.Chars, pattern
 					sidx = lenRunes - (index + 1)
 					eidx = lenRunes - (index - lenPattern + 1)
 				}
-				return Result{int32(sidx), int32(eidx),
+				return Result{sidx, eidx,
 					evaluateBonus(caseSensitive, text, pattern, sidx, eidx)}
 			}
 		} else {
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ func PrefixMatch(caseSensitive bool, forward bool, text util.Chars, pattern []ru
 		}
 	}
 	lenPattern := len(pattern)
-	return Result{0, int32(lenPattern),
+	return Result{0, lenPattern,
 		evaluateBonus(caseSensitive, text, pattern, 0, lenPattern)}
 }
 
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func SuffixMatch(caseSensitive bool, forward bool, text util.Chars, pattern []ru
 	lenPattern := len(pattern)
 	sidx := trimmedLen - lenPattern
 	eidx := trimmedLen
-	return Result{int32(sidx), int32(eidx),
+	return Result{sidx, eidx,
 		evaluateBonus(caseSensitive, text, pattern, sidx, eidx)}
 }
 
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ func EqualMatch(caseSensitive bool, forward bool, text util.Chars, pattern []run
 		runesStr = strings.ToLower(runesStr)
 	}
 	if runesStr == string(pattern) {
-		return Result{0, int32(len(pattern)), 0}
+		return Result{0, len(pattern), 0}
 	}
 	return Result{-1, -1, 0}
 }
diff --git a/src/algo/algo_test.go b/src/algo/algo_test.go
index d6a5d487..7034dcef 100644
--- a/src/algo/algo_test.go
+++ b/src/algo/algo_test.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/junegunn/fzf/src/util"
 )
 
-func assertMatch(t *testing.T, fun func(bool, bool, util.Chars, []rune) Result, caseSensitive, forward bool, input, pattern string, sidx int32, eidx int32, bonus int32) {
+func assertMatch(t *testing.T, fun func(bool, bool, util.Chars, []rune) Result, caseSensitive, forward bool, input, pattern string, sidx int, eidx int, bonus int) {
 	if !caseSensitive {
 		pattern = strings.ToLower(pattern)
 	}
diff --git a/src/ansi.go b/src/ansi.go
index 56831eee..0a525671 100644
--- a/src/ansi.go
+++ b/src/ansi.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func init() {
 	ansiRegex = regexp.MustCompile("\x1b\\[[0-9;]*[mK]")
 }
 
-func extractColor(str string, state *ansiState, proc func(string, *ansiState) bool) (string, []ansiOffset, *ansiState) {
+func extractColor(str string, state *ansiState, proc func(string, *ansiState) bool) (string, *[]ansiOffset, *ansiState) {
 	var offsets []ansiOffset
 	var output bytes.Buffer
 
@@ -84,7 +84,10 @@ func extractColor(str string, state *ansiState, proc func(string, *ansiState) bo
 	if proc != nil {
 		proc(rest, state)
 	}
-	return output.String(), offsets, state
+	if len(offsets) == 0 {
+		return output.String(), nil, state
+	}
+	return output.String(), &offsets, state
 }
 
 func interpretCode(ansiCode string, prevState *ansiState) *ansiState {
diff --git a/src/ansi_test.go b/src/ansi_test.go
index 31803f38..a80e98ad 100644
--- a/src/ansi_test.go
+++ b/src/ansi_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func TestExtractColor(t *testing.T) {
 	src := "hello world"
 	var state *ansiState
 	clean := "\x1b[0m"
-	check := func(assertion func(ansiOffsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState)) {
+	check := func(assertion func(ansiOffsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState)) {
 		output, ansiOffsets, newState := extractColor(src, state, nil)
 		state = newState
 		if output != "hello world" {
@@ -26,127 +26,127 @@ func TestExtractColor(t *testing.T) {
 		assertion(ansiOffsets, state)
 	}
 
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) > 0 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if offsets != nil {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
 	})
 
 	state = nil
 	src = "\x1b[0mhello world"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) > 0 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if offsets != nil {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
 	})
 
 	state = nil
 	src = "\x1b[1mhello world"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 1 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 1 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 0, 11, -1, -1, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 0, 11, -1, -1, true)
 	})
 
 	state = nil
 	src = "\x1b[1mhello \x1b[mworld"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 1 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 1 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 0, 6, -1, -1, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 0, 6, -1, -1, true)
 	})
 
 	state = nil
 	src = "\x1b[1mhello \x1b[Kworld"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 1 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 1 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 0, 11, -1, -1, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 0, 11, -1, -1, true)
 	})
 
 	state = nil
 	src = "hello \x1b[34;45;1mworld"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 1 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 1 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 6, 11, 4, 5, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 6, 11, 4, 5, true)
 	})
 
 	state = nil
 	src = "hello \x1b[34;45;1mwor\x1b[34;45;1mld"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 1 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 1 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 6, 11, 4, 5, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 6, 11, 4, 5, true)
 	})
 
 	state = nil
 	src = "hello \x1b[34;45;1mwor\x1b[0mld"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 1 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 1 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 6, 9, 4, 5, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 6, 9, 4, 5, true)
 	})
 
 	state = nil
 	src = "hello \x1b[34;48;5;233;1mwo\x1b[38;5;161mr\x1b[0ml\x1b[38;5;161md"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 3 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 3 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 6, 8, 4, 233, true)
-		assert(offsets[1], 8, 9, 161, 233, true)
-		assert(offsets[2], 10, 11, 161, -1, false)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 6, 8, 4, 233, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[1], 8, 9, 161, 233, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[2], 10, 11, 161, -1, false)
 	})
 
 	// {38,48};5;{38,48}
 	state = nil
 	src = "hello \x1b[38;5;38;48;5;48;1mwor\x1b[38;5;48;48;5;38ml\x1b[0md"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 2 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 2 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 6, 9, 38, 48, true)
-		assert(offsets[1], 9, 10, 48, 38, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 6, 9, 38, 48, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[1], 9, 10, 48, 38, true)
 	})
 
 	src = "hello \x1b[32;1mworld"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 1 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 1 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
 		if state.fg != 2 || state.bg != -1 || !state.bold {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 6, 11, 2, -1, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 6, 11, 2, -1, true)
 	})
 
 	src = "hello world"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 1 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 1 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
 		if state.fg != 2 || state.bg != -1 || !state.bold {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 0, 11, 2, -1, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 0, 11, 2, -1, true)
 	})
 
 	src = "hello \x1b[0;38;5;200;48;5;100mworld"
-	check(func(offsets []ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
-		if len(offsets) != 2 {
+	check(func(offsets *[]ansiOffset, state *ansiState) {
+		if len(*offsets) != 2 {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
 		if state.fg != 200 || state.bg != 100 || state.bold {
 			t.Fail()
 		}
-		assert(offsets[0], 0, 6, 2, -1, true)
-		assert(offsets[1], 6, 11, 200, 100, false)
+		assert((*offsets)[0], 0, 6, 2, -1, true)
+		assert((*offsets)[1], 6, 11, 200, 100, false)
 	})
 }
diff --git a/src/cache.go b/src/cache.go
index d2ec00b4..baf88dd8 100644
--- a/src/cache.go
+++ b/src/cache.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package fzf
 import "sync"
 
 // queryCache associates strings to lists of items
-type queryCache map[string][]*Item
+type queryCache map[string][]*Result
 
 // ChunkCache associates Chunk and query string to lists of items
 type ChunkCache struct {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func NewChunkCache() ChunkCache {
 }
 
 // Add adds the list to the cache
-func (cc *ChunkCache) Add(chunk *Chunk, key string, list []*Item) {
+func (cc *ChunkCache) Add(chunk *Chunk, key string, list []*Result) {
 	if len(key) == 0 || !chunk.IsFull() || len(list) > queryCacheMax {
 		return
 	}
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func (cc *ChunkCache) Add(chunk *Chunk, key string, list []*Item) {
 }
 
 // Find is called to lookup ChunkCache
-func (cc *ChunkCache) Find(chunk *Chunk, key string) ([]*Item, bool) {
+func (cc *ChunkCache) Find(chunk *Chunk, key string) ([]*Result, bool) {
 	if len(key) == 0 || !chunk.IsFull() {
 		return nil, false
 	}
diff --git a/src/cache_test.go b/src/cache_test.go
index 05f904c9..8703fc41 100644
--- a/src/cache_test.go
+++ b/src/cache_test.go
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ func TestChunkCache(t *testing.T) {
 	chunk2 := make(Chunk, chunkSize)
 	chunk1p := &Chunk{}
 	chunk2p := &chunk2
-	items1 := []*Item{&Item{}}
-	items2 := []*Item{&Item{}, &Item{}}
+	items1 := []*Result{&Result{}}
+	items2 := []*Result{&Result{}, &Result{}}
 	cache.Add(chunk1p, "foo", items1)
 	cache.Add(chunk2p, "foo", items1)
 	cache.Add(chunk2p, "bar", items2)
diff --git a/src/chunklist_test.go b/src/chunklist_test.go
index 2523675a..594daebb 100644
--- a/src/chunklist_test.go
+++ b/src/chunklist_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func TestChunkList(t *testing.T) {
 	sortCriteria = []criterion{byMatchLen, byLength}
 
 	cl := NewChunkList(func(s []byte, i int) *Item {
-		return &Item{text: util.ToChars(s), rank: buildEmptyRank(int32(i * 2))}
+		return &Item{text: util.ToChars(s), index: int32(i * 2)}
 	})
 
 	// Snapshot
@@ -41,11 +41,8 @@ func TestChunkList(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(*chunk1) != 2 {
 		t.Error("Snapshot should contain only two items")
 	}
-	last := func(arr [5]int32) int32 {
-		return arr[len(arr)-1]
-	}
-	if (*chunk1)[0].text.ToString() != "hello" || last((*chunk1)[0].rank) != 0 ||
-		(*chunk1)[1].text.ToString() != "world" || last((*chunk1)[1].rank) != 2 {
+	if (*chunk1)[0].text.ToString() != "hello" || (*chunk1)[0].index != 0 ||
+		(*chunk1)[1].text.ToString() != "world" || (*chunk1)[1].index != 2 {
 		t.Error("Invalid data")
 	}
 	if chunk1.IsFull() {
diff --git a/src/core.go b/src/core.go
index 76d30d1a..290c0af0 100644
--- a/src/core.go
+++ b/src/core.go
@@ -56,16 +56,16 @@ func Run(opts *Options) {
 	eventBox := util.NewEventBox()
 
 	// ANSI code processor
-	ansiProcessor := func(data []byte) (util.Chars, []ansiOffset) {
+	ansiProcessor := func(data []byte) (util.Chars, *[]ansiOffset) {
 		return util.ToChars(data), nil
 	}
-	ansiProcessorRunes := func(data []rune) (util.Chars, []ansiOffset) {
+	ansiProcessorRunes := func(data []rune) (util.Chars, *[]ansiOffset) {
 		return util.RunesToChars(data), nil
 	}
 	if opts.Ansi {
 		if opts.Theme != nil {
 			var state *ansiState
-			ansiProcessor = func(data []byte) (util.Chars, []ansiOffset) {
+			ansiProcessor = func(data []byte) (util.Chars, *[]ansiOffset) {
 				trimmed, offsets, newState := extractColor(string(data), state, nil)
 				state = newState
 				return util.RunesToChars([]rune(trimmed)), offsets
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ func Run(opts *Options) {
 		} else {
 			// When color is disabled but ansi option is given,
 			// we simply strip out ANSI codes from the input
-			ansiProcessor = func(data []byte) (util.Chars, []ansiOffset) {
+			ansiProcessor = func(data []byte) (util.Chars, *[]ansiOffset) {
 				trimmed, _, _ := extractColor(string(data), nil, nil)
 				return util.RunesToChars([]rune(trimmed)), nil
 			}
 		}
-		ansiProcessorRunes = func(data []rune) (util.Chars, []ansiOffset) {
+		ansiProcessorRunes = func(data []rune) (util.Chars, *[]ansiOffset) {
 			return ansiProcessor([]byte(string(data)))
 		}
 	}
@@ -95,14 +95,13 @@ func Run(opts *Options) {
 			}
 			chars, colors := ansiProcessor(data)
 			return &Item{
+				index:  int32(index),
 				text:   chars,
-				colors: colors,
-				rank:   buildEmptyRank(int32(index))}
+				colors: colors}
 		})
 	} else {
 		chunkList = NewChunkList(func(data []byte, index int) *Item {
-			chars := util.ToChars(data)
-			tokens := Tokenize(chars, opts.Delimiter)
+			tokens := Tokenize(util.ToChars(data), opts.Delimiter)
 			trans := Transform(tokens, opts.WithNth)
 			if len(header) < opts.HeaderLines {
 				header = append(header, string(joinTokens(trans)))
@@ -111,10 +110,9 @@ func Run(opts *Options) {
 			}
 			textRunes := joinTokens(trans)
 			item := Item{
-				text:     util.RunesToChars(textRunes),
+				index:    int32(index),
 				origText: &data,
-				colors:   nil,
-				rank:     buildEmptyRank(int32(index))}
+				colors:   nil}
 
 			trimmed, colors := ansiProcessorRunes(textRunes)
 			item.text = trimmed
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ func Run(opts *Options) {
 			reader := Reader{
 				func(runes []byte) bool {
 					item := chunkList.trans(runes, 0)
-					if item != nil && pattern.MatchItem(item) {
+					if item != nil && pattern.MatchItem(item) != nil {
 						fmt.Println(item.text.ToString())
 						found = true
 					}
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@ func Run(opts *Options) {
 				chunks:  snapshot,
 				pattern: pattern})
 			for i := 0; i < merger.Length(); i++ {
-				fmt.Println(merger.Get(i).AsString(opts.Ansi))
+				fmt.Println(merger.Get(i).item.AsString(opts.Ansi))
 				found = true
 			}
 		}
@@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ func Run(opts *Options) {
 										fmt.Println()
 									}
 									for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
-										fmt.Println(val.Get(i).AsString(opts.Ansi))
+										fmt.Println(val.Get(i).item.AsString(opts.Ansi))
 									}
 									if count > 0 {
 										os.Exit(exitOk)
diff --git a/src/item.go b/src/item.go
index 584dfd85..4e60fafb 100644
--- a/src/item.go
+++ b/src/item.go
@@ -1,295 +1,39 @@
 package fzf
 
 import (
-	"math"
-
-	"github.com/junegunn/fzf/src/curses"
 	"github.com/junegunn/fzf/src/util"
 )
 
-// Offset holds three 32-bit integers denoting the offsets of a matched substring
-type Offset [3]int32
-
-type colorOffset struct {
-	offset [2]int32
-	color  int
-	bold   bool
-}
-
 // Item represents each input line
 type Item struct {
+	index       int32
 	text        util.Chars
 	origText    *[]byte
+	colors      *[]ansiOffset
 	transformed []Token
-	offsets     []Offset
-	colors      []ansiOffset
-	rank        [5]int32
-	bonus       int32
-}
-
-// Sort criteria to use. Never changes once fzf is started.
-var sortCriteria []criterion
-
-func isRankValid(rank [5]int32) bool {
-	// Exclude ordinal index
-	for _, r := range rank[:4] {
-		if r > 0 {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func buildEmptyRank(index int32) [5]int32 {
-	return [5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, index}
 }
 
 // Index returns ordinal index of the Item
 func (item *Item) Index() int32 {
-	return item.rank[4]
+	return item.index
 }
 
-// Rank calculates rank of the Item
-func (item *Item) Rank(cache bool) [5]int32 {
-	if cache && isRankValid(item.rank) {
-		return item.rank
-	}
-	matchlen := 0
-	prevEnd := 0
-	lenSum := 0
-	minBegin := math.MaxInt32
-	for _, offset := range item.offsets {
-		begin := int(offset[0])
-		end := int(offset[1])
-		trimLen := int(offset[2])
-		lenSum += trimLen
-		if prevEnd > begin {
-			begin = prevEnd
-		}
-		if end > prevEnd {
-			prevEnd = end
-		}
-		if end > begin {
-			if begin < minBegin {
-				minBegin = begin
-			}
-			matchlen += end - begin
-		}
-	}
-	rank := buildEmptyRank(item.Index())
-	for idx, criterion := range sortCriteria {
-		var val int32
-		switch criterion {
-		case byMatchLen:
-			if matchlen == 0 {
-				val = math.MaxInt32
-			} else {
-				// It is extremely unlikely that bonus exceeds 128
-				val = 128*int32(matchlen) - item.bonus
-			}
-		case byLength:
-			// It is guaranteed that .transformed in not null in normal execution
-			if item.transformed != nil {
-				// If offsets is empty, lenSum will be 0, but we don't care
-				val = int32(lenSum)
-			} else {
-				val = int32(item.text.Length())
-			}
-		case byBegin:
-			// We can't just look at item.offsets[0][0] because it can be an inverse term
-			whitePrefixLen := 0
-			numChars := item.text.Length()
-			for idx := 0; idx < numChars; idx++ {
-				r := item.text.Get(idx)
-				whitePrefixLen = idx
-				if idx == minBegin || r != ' ' && r != '\t' {
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			val = int32(minBegin - whitePrefixLen)
-		case byEnd:
-			if prevEnd > 0 {
-				val = int32(1 + item.text.Length() - prevEnd)
-			} else {
-				// Empty offsets due to inverse terms.
-				val = 1
-			}
-		}
-		rank[idx] = val
-	}
-	if cache {
-		item.rank = rank
+// Colors returns ansiOffsets of the Item
+func (item *Item) Colors() []ansiOffset {
+	if item.colors == nil {
+		return []ansiOffset{}
 	}
-	return rank
+	return *item.colors
 }
 
 // AsString returns the original string
 func (item *Item) AsString(stripAnsi bool) string {
-	return *item.StringPtr(stripAnsi)
-}
-
-// StringPtr returns the pointer to the original string
-func (item *Item) StringPtr(stripAnsi bool) *string {
 	if item.origText != nil {
 		if stripAnsi {
 			trimmed, _, _ := extractColor(string(*item.origText), nil, nil)
-			return &trimmed
-		}
-		orig := string(*item.origText)
-		return &orig
-	}
-	str := item.text.ToString()
-	return &str
-}
-
-func (item *Item) colorOffsets(color int, bold bool, current bool) []colorOffset {
-	if len(item.colors) == 0 {
-		var offsets []colorOffset
-		for _, off := range item.offsets {
-
-			offsets = append(offsets, colorOffset{offset: [2]int32{off[0], off[1]}, color: color, bold: bold})
-		}
-		return offsets
-	}
-
-	// Find max column
-	var maxCol int32
-	for _, off := range item.offsets {
-		if off[1] > maxCol {
-			maxCol = off[1]
-		}
-	}
-	for _, ansi := range item.colors {
-		if ansi.offset[1] > maxCol {
-			maxCol = ansi.offset[1]
-		}
-	}
-	cols := make([]int, maxCol)
-
-	for colorIndex, ansi := range item.colors {
-		for i := ansi.offset[0]; i < ansi.offset[1]; i++ {
-			cols[i] = colorIndex + 1 // XXX
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, off := range item.offsets {
-		for i := off[0]; i < off[1]; i++ {
-			cols[i] = -1
-		}
-	}
-
-	// sort.Sort(ByOrder(offsets))
-
-	// Merge offsets
-	// ------------  ----  --  ----
-	//   ++++++++      ++++++++++
-	// --++++++++--  --++++++++++---
-	curr := 0
-	start := 0
-	var offsets []colorOffset
-	add := func(idx int) {
-		if curr != 0 && idx > start {
-			if curr == -1 {
-				offsets = append(offsets, colorOffset{
-					offset: [2]int32{int32(start), int32(idx)}, color: color, bold: bold})
-			} else {
-				ansi := item.colors[curr-1]
-				fg := ansi.color.fg
-				if fg == -1 {
-					if current {
-						fg = curses.CurrentFG
-					} else {
-						fg = curses.FG
-					}
-				}
-				bg := ansi.color.bg
-				if bg == -1 {
-					if current {
-						bg = curses.DarkBG
-					} else {
-						bg = curses.BG
-					}
-				}
-				offsets = append(offsets, colorOffset{
-					offset: [2]int32{int32(start), int32(idx)},
-					color:  curses.PairFor(fg, bg),
-					bold:   ansi.color.bold || bold})
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	for idx, col := range cols {
-		if col != curr {
-			add(idx)
-			start = idx
-			curr = col
-		}
-	}
-	add(int(maxCol))
-	return offsets
-}
-
-// ByOrder is for sorting substring offsets
-type ByOrder []Offset
-
-func (a ByOrder) Len() int {
-	return len(a)
-}
-
-func (a ByOrder) Swap(i, j int) {
-	a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]
-}
-
-func (a ByOrder) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	ioff := a[i]
-	joff := a[j]
-	return (ioff[0] < joff[0]) || (ioff[0] == joff[0]) && (ioff[1] <= joff[1])
-}
-
-// ByRelevance is for sorting Items
-type ByRelevance []*Item
-
-func (a ByRelevance) Len() int {
-	return len(a)
-}
-
-func (a ByRelevance) Swap(i, j int) {
-	a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]
-}
-
-func (a ByRelevance) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	irank := a[i].Rank(true)
-	jrank := a[j].Rank(true)
-
-	return compareRanks(irank, jrank, false)
-}
-
-// ByRelevanceTac is for sorting Items
-type ByRelevanceTac []*Item
-
-func (a ByRelevanceTac) Len() int {
-	return len(a)
-}
-
-func (a ByRelevanceTac) Swap(i, j int) {
-	a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i]
-}
-
-func (a ByRelevanceTac) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	irank := a[i].Rank(true)
-	jrank := a[j].Rank(true)
-
-	return compareRanks(irank, jrank, true)
-}
-
-func compareRanks(irank [5]int32, jrank [5]int32, tac bool) bool {
-	for idx := 0; idx < 4; idx++ {
-		left := irank[idx]
-		right := jrank[idx]
-		if left < right {
-			return true
-		} else if left > right {
-			return false
+			return trimmed
 		}
+		return string(*item.origText)
 	}
-	return (irank[4] <= jrank[4]) != tac
+	return item.text.ToString()
 }
diff --git a/src/item_test.go b/src/item_test.go
index 36a436d3..1efb5f1d 100644
--- a/src/item_test.go
+++ b/src/item_test.go
@@ -1,109 +1,23 @@
 package fzf
 
 import (
-	"math"
-	"sort"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/junegunn/fzf/src/curses"
 	"github.com/junegunn/fzf/src/util"
 )
 
-func TestOffsetSort(t *testing.T) {
-	offsets := []Offset{
-		Offset{3, 5}, Offset{2, 7},
-		Offset{1, 3}, Offset{2, 9}}
-	sort.Sort(ByOrder(offsets))
-
-	if offsets[0][0] != 1 || offsets[0][1] != 3 ||
-		offsets[1][0] != 2 || offsets[1][1] != 7 ||
-		offsets[2][0] != 2 || offsets[2][1] != 9 ||
-		offsets[3][0] != 3 || offsets[3][1] != 5 {
-		t.Error("Invalid order:", offsets)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestRankComparison(t *testing.T) {
-	if compareRanks([5]int32{3, 0, 0, 0, 5}, [5]int32{2, 0, 0, 0, 7}, false) ||
-		!compareRanks([5]int32{3, 0, 0, 0, 5}, [5]int32{3, 0, 0, 0, 6}, false) ||
-		!compareRanks([5]int32{1, 2, 0, 0, 3}, [5]int32{1, 3, 0, 0, 2}, false) ||
-		!compareRanks([5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, [5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, false) {
-		t.Error("Invalid order")
-	}
-
-	if compareRanks([5]int32{3, 0, 0, 0, 5}, [5]int32{2, 0, 0, 0, 7}, true) ||
-		!compareRanks([5]int32{3, 0, 0, 0, 5}, [5]int32{3, 0, 0, 0, 6}, false) ||
-		!compareRanks([5]int32{1, 2, 0, 0, 3}, [5]int32{1, 3, 0, 0, 2}, true) ||
-		!compareRanks([5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, [5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, false) {
-		t.Error("Invalid order (tac)")
-	}
-}
-
-// Match length, string length, index
-func TestItemRank(t *testing.T) {
-	// FIXME global
-	sortCriteria = []criterion{byMatchLen, byLength}
-
-	strs := [][]rune{[]rune("foo"), []rune("foobar"), []rune("bar"), []rune("baz")}
-	item1 := Item{text: util.RunesToChars(strs[0]), offsets: []Offset{}, rank: [5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}
-	rank1 := item1.Rank(true)
-	if rank1[0] != math.MaxInt32 || rank1[1] != 3 || rank1[4] != 1 {
-		t.Error(item1.Rank(true))
+func TestStringPtr(t *testing.T) {
+	orig := []byte("\x1b[34mfoo")
+	text := []byte("\x1b[34mbar")
+	item := Item{origText: &orig, text: util.ToChars(text)}
+	if item.AsString(true) != "foo" || item.AsString(false) != string(orig) {
+		t.Fail()
 	}
-	// Only differ in index
-	item2 := Item{text: util.RunesToChars(strs[0]), offsets: []Offset{}}
-
-	items := []*Item{&item1, &item2}
-	sort.Sort(ByRelevance(items))
-	if items[0] != &item2 || items[1] != &item1 {
-		t.Error(items)
+	if item.AsString(true) != "foo" {
+		t.Fail()
 	}
-
-	items = []*Item{&item2, &item1, &item1, &item2}
-	sort.Sort(ByRelevance(items))
-	if items[0] != &item2 || items[1] != &item2 ||
-		items[2] != &item1 || items[3] != &item1 {
-		t.Error(items)
-	}
-
-	// Sort by relevance
-	item3 := Item{text: util.RunesToChars(strs[1]), rank: [5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 2}, offsets: []Offset{Offset{1, 3}, Offset{5, 7}}}
-	item4 := Item{text: util.RunesToChars(strs[1]), rank: [5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 2}, offsets: []Offset{Offset{1, 2}, Offset{6, 7}}}
-	item5 := Item{text: util.RunesToChars(strs[2]), rank: [5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 2}, offsets: []Offset{Offset{1, 3}, Offset{5, 7}}}
-	item6 := Item{text: util.RunesToChars(strs[2]), rank: [5]int32{0, 0, 0, 0, 2}, offsets: []Offset{Offset{1, 2}, Offset{6, 7}}}
-	items = []*Item{&item1, &item2, &item3, &item4, &item5, &item6}
-	sort.Sort(ByRelevance(items))
-	if items[0] != &item6 || items[1] != &item4 ||
-		items[2] != &item5 || items[3] != &item3 ||
-		items[4] != &item2 || items[5] != &item1 {
-		t.Error(items)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestColorOffset(t *testing.T) {
-	// ------------ 20 ----  --  ----
-	//   ++++++++        ++++++++++
-	// --++++++++--    --++++++++++---
-	item := Item{
-		offsets: []Offset{Offset{5, 15}, Offset{25, 35}},
-		colors: []ansiOffset{
-			ansiOffset{[2]int32{0, 20}, ansiState{1, 5, false}},
-			ansiOffset{[2]int32{22, 27}, ansiState{2, 6, true}},
-			ansiOffset{[2]int32{30, 32}, ansiState{3, 7, false}},
-			ansiOffset{[2]int32{33, 40}, ansiState{4, 8, true}}}}
-	// [{[0 5] 9 false} {[5 15] 99 false} {[15 20] 9 false} {[22 25] 10 true} {[25 35] 99 false} {[35 40] 11 true}]
-
-	offsets := item.colorOffsets(99, false, true)
-	assert := func(idx int, b int32, e int32, c int, bold bool) {
-		o := offsets[idx]
-		if o.offset[0] != b || o.offset[1] != e || o.color != c || o.bold != bold {
-			t.Error(o)
-		}
+	item.origText = nil
+	if item.AsString(true) != string(text) || item.AsString(false) != string(text) {
+		t.Fail()
 	}
-	assert(0, 0, 5, curses.ColUser, false)
-	assert(1, 5, 15, 99, false)
-	assert(2, 15, 20, curses.ColUser, false)
-	assert(3, 22, 25, curses.ColUser+1, true)
-	assert(4, 25, 35, 99, false)
-	assert(5, 35, 40, curses.ColUser+2, true)
 }
diff --git a/src/matcher.go b/src/matcher.go
index 4c00db7e..8cd9a9f8 100644
--- a/src/matcher.go
+++ b/src/matcher.go
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func (m *Matcher) sliceChunks(chunks []*Chunk) [][]*Chunk {
 
 type partialResult struct {
 	index   int
-	matches []*Item
+	matches []*Result
 }
 
 func (m *Matcher) scan(request MatchRequest) (*Merger, bool) {
@@ -155,15 +155,21 @@ func (m *Matcher) scan(request MatchRequest) (*Merger, bool) {
 		waitGroup.Add(1)
 		go func(idx int, chunks []*Chunk) {
 			defer func() { waitGroup.Done() }()
-			sliceMatches := []*Item{}
-			for _, chunk := range chunks {
+			count := 0
+			allMatches := make([][]*Result, len(chunks))
+			for idx, chunk := range chunks {
 				matches := request.pattern.Match(chunk)
-				sliceMatches = append(sliceMatches, matches...)
+				allMatches[idx] = matches
+				count += len(matches)
 				if cancelled.Get() {
 					return
 				}
 				countChan <- len(matches)
 			}
+			sliceMatches := make([]*Result, 0, count)
+			for _, matches := range allMatches {
+				sliceMatches = append(sliceMatches, matches...)
+			}
 			if m.sort {
 				if m.tac {
 					sort.Sort(ByRelevanceTac(sliceMatches))
@@ -200,7 +206,7 @@ func (m *Matcher) scan(request MatchRequest) (*Merger, bool) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	partialResults := make([][]*Item, numSlices)
+	partialResults := make([][]*Result, numSlices)
 	for _ = range slices {
 		partialResult := <-resultChan
 		partialResults[partialResult.index] = partialResult.matches
diff --git a/src/merger.go b/src/merger.go
index 0d3fb801..3879ab7e 100644
--- a/src/merger.go
+++ b/src/merger.go
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ package fzf
 import "fmt"
 
 // EmptyMerger is a Merger with no data
-var EmptyMerger = NewMerger([][]*Item{}, false, false)
+var EmptyMerger = NewMerger([][]*Result{}, false, false)
 
 // Merger holds a set of locally sorted lists of items and provides the view of
 // a single, globally-sorted list
 type Merger struct {
-	lists   [][]*Item
-	merged  []*Item
+	lists   [][]*Result
+	merged  []*Result
 	chunks  *[]*Chunk
 	cursors []int
 	sorted  bool
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ func PassMerger(chunks *[]*Chunk, tac bool) *Merger {
 }
 
 // NewMerger returns a new Merger
-func NewMerger(lists [][]*Item, sorted bool, tac bool) *Merger {
+func NewMerger(lists [][]*Result, sorted bool, tac bool) *Merger {
 	mg := Merger{
 		lists:   lists,
-		merged:  []*Item{},
+		merged:  []*Result{},
 		chunks:  nil,
 		cursors: make([]int, len(lists)),
 		sorted:  sorted,
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ func (mg *Merger) Length() int {
 	return mg.count
 }
 
-// Get returns the pointer to the Item object indexed by the given integer
-func (mg *Merger) Get(idx int) *Item {
+// Get returns the pointer to the Result object indexed by the given integer
+func (mg *Merger) Get(idx int) *Result {
 	if mg.chunks != nil {
 		if mg.tac {
 			idx = mg.count - idx - 1
 		}
 		chunk := (*mg.chunks)[idx/chunkSize]
-		return (*chunk)[idx%chunkSize]
+		return &Result{item: (*chunk)[idx%chunkSize]}
 	}
 
 	if mg.sorted {
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ func (mg *Merger) cacheable() bool {
 	return mg.count < mergerCacheMax
 }
 
-func (mg *Merger) mergedGet(idx int) *Item {
+func (mg *Merger) mergedGet(idx int) *Result {
 	for i := len(mg.merged); i <= idx; i++ {
-		minRank := buildEmptyRank(0)
+		minRank := minRank()
 		minIdx := -1
 		for listIdx, list := range mg.lists {
 			cursor := mg.cursors[listIdx]
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func (mg *Merger) mergedGet(idx int) *Item {
 				continue
 			}
 			if cursor >= 0 {
-				rank := list[cursor].Rank(false)
+				rank := list[cursor].rank
 				if minIdx < 0 || compareRanks(rank, minRank, mg.tac) {
 					minRank = rank
 					minIdx = listIdx
diff --git a/src/merger_test.go b/src/merger_test.go
index f62f9759..d50470f6 100644
--- a/src/merger_test.go
+++ b/src/merger_test.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func assert(t *testing.T, cond bool, msg ...string) {
 	}
 }
 
-func randItem() *Item {
+func randResult() *Result {
 	str := fmt.Sprintf("%d", rand.Uint32())
 	offsets := make([]Offset, rand.Int()%3)
 	for idx := range offsets {
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ func randItem() *Item {
 		eidx := sidx + int32(rand.Uint32()%20)
 		offsets[idx] = Offset{sidx, eidx}
 	}
-	return &Item{
-		text:    util.RunesToChars([]rune(str)),
-		rank:    buildEmptyRank(rand.Int31()),
-		offsets: offsets}
+	return &Result{
+		item:    &Item{text: util.RunesToChars([]rune(str))},
+		offsets: offsets,
+		rank:    rank{index: rand.Int31()}}
 }
 
 func TestEmptyMerger(t *testing.T) {
@@ -36,23 +36,23 @@ func TestEmptyMerger(t *testing.T) {
 	assert(t, len(EmptyMerger.merged) == 0, "Invalid merged list")
 }
 
-func buildLists(partiallySorted bool) ([][]*Item, []*Item) {
+func buildLists(partiallySorted bool) ([][]*Result, []*Result) {
 	numLists := 4
-	lists := make([][]*Item, numLists)
+	lists := make([][]*Result, numLists)
 	cnt := 0
 	for i := 0; i < numLists; i++ {
-		numItems := rand.Int() % 20
-		cnt += numItems
-		lists[i] = make([]*Item, numItems)
-		for j := 0; j < numItems; j++ {
-			item := randItem()
+		numResults := rand.Int() % 20
+		cnt += numResults
+		lists[i] = make([]*Result, numResults)
+		for j := 0; j < numResults; j++ {
+			item := randResult()
 			lists[i][j] = item
 		}
 		if partiallySorted {
 			sort.Sort(ByRelevance(lists[i]))
 		}
 	}
-	items := []*Item{}
+	items := []*Result{}
 	for _, list := range lists {
 		items = append(items, list...)
 	}
diff --git a/src/options.go b/src/options.go
index 31ad4971..a19ff6f3 100644
--- a/src/options.go
+++ b/src/options.go
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ type criterion int
 
 const (
 	byMatchLen criterion = iota
+	byBonus
 	byLength
 	byBegin
 	byEnd
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ func defaultOptions() *Options {
 		Delimiter:   Delimiter{},
 		Sort:        1000,
 		Tac:         false,
-		Criteria:    []criterion{byMatchLen, byLength},
+		Criteria:    []criterion{byMatchLen, byBonus, byLength},
 		Multi:       false,
 		Ansi:        false,
 		Mouse:       true,
@@ -406,7 +407,7 @@ func parseKeyChords(str string, message string) map[int]string {
 }
 
 func parseTiebreak(str string) []criterion {
-	criteria := []criterion{byMatchLen}
+	criteria := []criterion{byMatchLen, byBonus}
 	hasIndex := false
 	hasLength := false
 	hasBegin := false
diff --git a/src/pattern.go b/src/pattern.go
index 0bf9af30..4c35a127 100644
--- a/src/pattern.go
+++ b/src/pattern.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package fzf
 
 import (
 	"regexp"
-	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/junegunn/fzf/src/algo"
@@ -235,9 +234,7 @@ func (p *Pattern) CacheKey() string {
 }
 
 // Match returns the list of matches Items in the given Chunk
-func (p *Pattern) Match(chunk *Chunk) []*Item {
-	space := chunk
-
+func (p *Pattern) Match(chunk *Chunk) []*Result {
 	// ChunkCache: Exact match
 	cacheKey := p.CacheKey()
 	if p.cacheable {
@@ -246,7 +243,8 @@ func (p *Pattern) Match(chunk *Chunk) []*Item {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// ChunkCache: Prefix/suffix match
+	// Prefix/suffix cache
+	var space []*Result
 Loop:
 	for idx := 1; idx < len(cacheKey); idx++ {
 		// [---------| ] | [ |---------]
@@ -256,14 +254,13 @@ Loop:
 		suffix := cacheKey[idx:]
 		for _, substr := range [2]*string{&prefix, &suffix} {
 			if cached, found := _cache.Find(chunk, *substr); found {
-				cachedChunk := Chunk(cached)
-				space = &cachedChunk
+				space = cached
 				break Loop
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	matches := p.matchChunk(space)
+	matches := p.matchChunk(chunk, space)
 
 	if p.cacheable {
 		_cache.Add(chunk, cacheKey, matches)
@@ -271,20 +268,19 @@ Loop:
 	return matches
 }
 
-func (p *Pattern) matchChunk(chunk *Chunk) []*Item {
-	matches := []*Item{}
-	if !p.extended {
+func (p *Pattern) matchChunk(chunk *Chunk, space []*Result) []*Result {
+	matches := []*Result{}
+
+	if space == nil {
 		for _, item := range *chunk {
-			offset, bonus := p.basicMatch(item)
-			if sidx := offset[0]; sidx >= 0 {
-				matches = append(matches,
-					dupItem(item, []Offset{offset}, bonus))
+			if match := p.MatchItem(item); match != nil {
+				matches = append(matches, match)
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		for _, item := range *chunk {
-			if offsets, bonus := p.extendedMatch(item); len(offsets) == len(p.termSets) {
-				matches = append(matches, dupItem(item, offsets, bonus))
+		for _, result := range space {
+			if match := p.MatchItem(result.item); match != nil {
+				matches = append(matches, match)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -292,29 +288,21 @@ func (p *Pattern) matchChunk(chunk *Chunk) []*Item {
 }
 
 // MatchItem returns true if the Item is a match
-func (p *Pattern) MatchItem(item *Item) bool {
-	if !p.extended {
-		offset, _ := p.basicMatch(item)
-		sidx := offset[0]
-		return sidx >= 0
+func (p *Pattern) MatchItem(item *Item) *Result {
+	if p.extended {
+		if offsets, bonus, trimLen := p.extendedMatch(item); len(offsets) == len(p.termSets) {
+			return buildResult(item, offsets, bonus, trimLen)
+		}
+		return nil
 	}
-	offsets, _ := p.extendedMatch(item)
-	return len(offsets) == len(p.termSets)
-}
-
-func dupItem(item *Item, offsets []Offset, bonus int32) *Item {
-	sort.Sort(ByOrder(offsets))
-	return &Item{
-		text:        item.text,
-		origText:    item.origText,
-		transformed: item.transformed,
-		offsets:     offsets,
-		bonus:       bonus,
-		colors:      item.colors,
-		rank:        buildEmptyRank(item.Index())}
+	offset, bonus, trimLen := p.basicMatch(item)
+	if sidx := offset[0]; sidx >= 0 {
+		return buildResult(item, []Offset{offset}, bonus, trimLen)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (p *Pattern) basicMatch(item *Item) (Offset, int32) {
+func (p *Pattern) basicMatch(item *Item) (Offset, int, int) {
 	input := p.prepareInput(item)
 	if p.fuzzy {
 		return p.iter(algo.FuzzyMatch, input, p.caseSensitive, p.forward, p.text)
@@ -322,33 +310,39 @@ func (p *Pattern) basicMatch(item *Item) (Offset, int32) {
 	return p.iter(algo.ExactMatchNaive, input, p.caseSensitive, p.forward, p.text)
 }
 
-func (p *Pattern) extendedMatch(item *Item) ([]Offset, int32) {
+func (p *Pattern) extendedMatch(item *Item) ([]Offset, int, int) {
 	input := p.prepareInput(item)
 	offsets := []Offset{}
-	var totalBonus int32
+	var totalBonus int
+	var totalTrimLen int
 	for _, termSet := range p.termSets {
-		var offset *Offset
-		var bonus int32
+		var offset Offset
+		var bonus int
+		var trimLen int
+		matched := false
 		for _, term := range termSet {
 			pfun := p.procFun[term.typ]
-			off, pen := p.iter(pfun, input, term.caseSensitive, p.forward, term.text)
+			off, pen, tLen := p.iter(pfun, input, term.caseSensitive, p.forward, term.text)
 			if sidx := off[0]; sidx >= 0 {
 				if term.inv {
 					continue
 				}
-				offset, bonus = &off, pen
+				offset, bonus, trimLen = off, pen, tLen
+				matched = true
 				break
 			} else if term.inv {
-				offset, bonus = &Offset{0, 0, 0}, 0
+				offset, bonus, trimLen = Offset{0, 0}, 0, 0
+				matched = true
 				continue
 			}
 		}
-		if offset != nil {
-			offsets = append(offsets, *offset)
+		if matched {
+			offsets = append(offsets, offset)
 			totalBonus += bonus
+			totalTrimLen += trimLen
 		}
 	}
-	return offsets, totalBonus
+	return offsets, totalBonus, totalTrimLen
 }
 
 func (p *Pattern) prepareInput(item *Item) []Token {
@@ -357,26 +351,24 @@ func (p *Pattern) prepareInput(item *Item) []Token {
 	}
 
 	var ret []Token
-	if len(p.nth) > 0 {
+	if len(p.nth) == 0 {
+		ret = []Token{Token{text: &item.text, prefixLength: 0, trimLength: int32(item.text.TrimLength())}}
+	} else {
 		tokens := Tokenize(item.text, p.delimiter)
 		ret = Transform(tokens, p.nth)
-	} else {
-		ret = []Token{Token{text: item.text, prefixLength: 0, trimLength: item.text.TrimLength()}}
 	}
 	item.transformed = ret
 	return ret
 }
 
 func (p *Pattern) iter(pfun func(bool, bool, util.Chars, []rune) algo.Result,
-	tokens []Token, caseSensitive bool, forward bool, pattern []rune) (Offset, int32) {
+	tokens []Token, caseSensitive bool, forward bool, pattern []rune) (Offset, int, int) {
 	for _, part := range tokens {
-		prefixLength := int32(part.prefixLength)
-		if res := pfun(caseSensitive, forward, part.text, pattern); res.Start >= 0 {
-			sidx := res.Start + prefixLength
-			eidx := res.End + prefixLength
-			return Offset{sidx, eidx, int32(part.trimLength)}, res.Bonus
+		if res := pfun(caseSensitive, forward, *part.text, pattern); res.Start >= 0 {
+			sidx := int32(res.Start) + part.prefixLength
+			eidx := int32(res.End) + part.prefixLength
+			return Offset{sidx, eidx}, res.Bonus, int(part.trimLength)
 		}
 	}
-	// TODO: math.MaxUint16
-	return Offset{-1, -1, -1}, 0.0
+	return Offset{-1, -1}, 0, -1
 }
diff --git a/src/pattern_test.go b/src/pattern_test.go
index 26f92844..30691107 100644
--- a/src/pattern_test.go
+++ b/src/pattern_test.go
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func TestEqual(t *testing.T) {
 	clearPatternCache()
 	pattern := BuildPattern(true, true, CaseSmart, true, []Range{}, Delimiter{}, []rune("^AbC$"))
 
-	match := func(str string, sidxExpected int32, eidxExpected int32) {
+	match := func(str string, sidxExpected int, eidxExpected int) {
 		res := algo.EqualMatch(
 			pattern.caseSensitive, pattern.forward, util.RunesToChars([]rune(str)), pattern.termSets[0][0].text)
 		if res.Start != sidxExpected || res.End != eidxExpected {
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ func TestOrigTextAndTransformed(t *testing.T) {
 				transformed: trans},
 		}
 		pattern.extended = extended
-		matches := pattern.matchChunk(&chunk)
-		if matches[0].text.ToString() != "junegunn" || string(*matches[0].origText) != "junegunn.choi" ||
+		matches := pattern.matchChunk(&chunk, nil) // No cache
+		if matches[0].item.text.ToString() != "junegunn" || string(*matches[0].item.origText) != "junegunn.choi" ||
 			matches[0].offsets[0][0] != 0 || matches[0].offsets[0][1] != 5 ||
-			!reflect.DeepEqual(matches[0].transformed, trans) {
+			!reflect.DeepEqual(matches[0].item.transformed, trans) {
 			t.Error("Invalid match result", matches)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/src/terminal.go b/src/terminal.go
index b6b61563..f7bbccfd 100644
--- a/src/terminal.go
+++ b/src/terminal.go
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ type Terminal struct {
 
 type selectedItem struct {
 	at   time.Time
-	text *string
+	text string
 }
 
 type byTimeOrder []selectedItem
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ func (t *Terminal) output() bool {
 		}
 	} else {
 		for _, sel := range t.sortSelected() {
-			fmt.Println(*sel.text)
+			fmt.Println(sel.text)
 		}
 	}
 	return found
@@ -565,11 +565,10 @@ func (t *Terminal) printHeader() {
 		state = newState
 		item := &Item{
 			text:   util.RunesToChars([]rune(trimmed)),
-			colors: colors,
-			rank:   buildEmptyRank(0)}
+			colors: colors}
 
 		t.move(line, 2, true)
-		t.printHighlighted(item, false, C.ColHeader, 0, false)
+		t.printHighlighted(&Result{item: item}, false, C.ColHeader, 0, false)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +589,8 @@ func (t *Terminal) printList() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *Terminal) printItem(item *Item, i int, current bool) {
+func (t *Terminal) printItem(result *Result, i int, current bool) {
+	item := result.item
 	_, selected := t.selected[item.Index()]
 	label := " "
 	if t.jumping != jumpDisabled {
@@ -609,14 +609,14 @@ func (t *Terminal) printItem(item *Item, i int, current bool) {
 		} else {
 			t.window.CPrint(C.ColCurrent, true, " ")
 		}
-		t.printHighlighted(item, true, C.ColCurrent, C.ColCurrentMatch, true)
+		t.printHighlighted(result, true, C.ColCurrent, C.ColCurrentMatch, true)
 	} else {
 		if selected {
 			t.window.CPrint(C.ColSelected, true, ">")
 		} else {
 			t.window.Print(" ")
 		}
-		t.printHighlighted(item, false, 0, C.ColMatch, false)
+		t.printHighlighted(result, false, 0, C.ColMatch, false)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -667,16 +667,17 @@ func overflow(runes []rune, max int) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func (t *Terminal) printHighlighted(item *Item, bold bool, col1 int, col2 int, current bool) {
+func (t *Terminal) printHighlighted(result *Result, bold bool, col1 int, col2 int, current bool) {
+	item := result.item
 	var maxe int
-	for _, offset := range item.offsets {
+	for _, offset := range result.offsets {
 		maxe = util.Max(maxe, int(offset[1]))
 	}
 
 	// Overflow
 	text := make([]rune, item.text.Length())
 	copy(text, item.text.ToRunes())
-	offsets := item.colorOffsets(col2, bold, current)
+	offsets := result.colorOffsets(col2, bold, current)
 	maxWidth := t.window.Width - 3
 	maxe = util.Constrain(maxe+util.Min(maxWidth/2-2, t.hscrollOff), 0, len(text))
 	if overflow(text, maxWidth) {
@@ -866,7 +867,7 @@ func (t *Terminal) isPreviewEnabled() bool {
 }
 
 func (t *Terminal) current() string {
-	return t.merger.Get(t.cy).AsString(t.ansi)
+	return t.merger.Get(t.cy).item.AsString(t.ansi)
 }
 
 // Loop is called to start Terminal I/O
@@ -1037,13 +1038,13 @@ func (t *Terminal) Loop() {
 		}
 		selectItem := func(item *Item) bool {
 			if _, found := t.selected[item.Index()]; !found {
-				t.selected[item.Index()] = selectedItem{time.Now(), item.StringPtr(t.ansi)}
+				t.selected[item.Index()] = selectedItem{time.Now(), item.AsString(t.ansi)}
 				return true
 			}
 			return false
 		}
 		toggleY := func(y int) {
-			item := t.merger.Get(y)
+			item := t.merger.Get(y).item
 			if !selectItem(item) {
 				delete(t.selected, item.Index())
 			}
@@ -1068,14 +1069,14 @@ func (t *Terminal) Loop() {
 			case actIgnore:
 			case actExecute:
 				if t.cy >= 0 && t.cy < t.merger.Length() {
-					item := t.merger.Get(t.cy)
+					item := t.merger.Get(t.cy).item
 					t.executeCommand(t.execmap[mapkey], quoteEntry(item.AsString(t.ansi)))
 				}
 			case actExecuteMulti:
 				if len(t.selected) > 0 {
 					sels := make([]string, len(t.selected))
 					for i, sel := range t.sortSelected() {
-						sels[i] = quoteEntry(*sel.text)
+						sels[i] = quoteEntry(sel.text)
 					}
 					t.executeCommand(t.execmap[mapkey], strings.Join(sels, " "))
 				} else {
@@ -1137,7 +1138,7 @@ func (t *Terminal) Loop() {
 			case actSelectAll:
 				if t.multi {
 					for i := 0; i < t.merger.Length(); i++ {
-						item := t.merger.Get(i)
+						item := t.merger.Get(i).item
 						selectItem(item)
 					}
 					req(reqList, reqInfo)
diff --git a/src/tokenizer.go b/src/tokenizer.go
index b6aa0c64..ed873622 100644
--- a/src/tokenizer.go
+++ b/src/tokenizer.go
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ type Range struct {
 
 // Token contains the tokenized part of the strings and its prefix length
 type Token struct {
-	text         util.Chars
-	prefixLength int
-	trimLength   int
+	text         *util.Chars
+	prefixLength int32
+	trimLength   int32
 }
 
 // Delimiter for tokenizing the input
@@ -80,9 +80,8 @@ func withPrefixLengths(tokens []util.Chars, begin int) []Token {
 
 	prefixLength := begin
 	for idx, token := range tokens {
-		// Need to define a new local variable instead of the reused token to take
-		// the pointer to it
-		ret[idx] = Token{token, prefixLength, token.TrimLength()}
+		// NOTE: &tokens[idx] instead of &tokens
+		ret[idx] = Token{&tokens[idx], int32(prefixLength), int32(token.TrimLength())}
 		prefixLength += token.Length()
 	}
 	return ret
@@ -178,12 +177,13 @@ func Transform(tokens []Token, withNth []Range) []Token {
 	transTokens := make([]Token, len(withNth))
 	numTokens := len(tokens)
 	for idx, r := range withNth {
-		parts := []util.Chars{}
+		parts := []*util.Chars{}
 		minIdx := 0
 		if r.begin == r.end {
 			idx := r.begin
 			if idx == rangeEllipsis {
-				parts = append(parts, util.RunesToChars(joinTokens(tokens)))
+				chars := util.RunesToChars(joinTokens(tokens))
+				parts = append(parts, &chars)
 			} else {
 				if idx < 0 {
 					idx += numTokens + 1
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ func Transform(tokens []Token, withNth []Range) []Token {
 		case 0:
 			merged = util.RunesToChars([]rune{})
 		case 1:
-			merged = parts[0]
+			merged = *parts[0]
 		default:
 			runes := []rune{}
 			for _, part := range parts {
@@ -236,13 +236,13 @@ func Transform(tokens []Token, withNth []Range) []Token {
 			merged = util.RunesToChars(runes)
 		}
 
-		var prefixLength int
+		var prefixLength int32
 		if minIdx < numTokens {
 			prefixLength = tokens[minIdx].prefixLength
 		} else {
 			prefixLength = 0
 		}
-		transTokens[idx] = Token{merged, prefixLength, merged.TrimLength()}
+		transTokens[idx] = Token{&merged, prefixLength, int32(merged.TrimLength())}
 	}
 	return transTokens
 }
diff --git a/src/util/util.go b/src/util/util.go
index 113fee91..2ebd0f62 100644
--- a/src/util/util.go
+++ b/src/util/util.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package util
 import "C"
 
 import (
+	"math"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"time"
@@ -63,6 +64,15 @@ func Constrain(val int, min int, max int) int {
 	return val
 }
 
+func AsUint16(val int) uint16 {
+	if val > math.MaxUint16 {
+		return math.MaxUint16
+	} else if val < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return uint16(val)
+}
+
 // DurWithin limits the given time.Duration with the upper and lower bounds
 func DurWithin(
 	val time.Duration, min time.Duration, max time.Duration) time.Duration {